Geometric Finite Element Discretization of Maxwell Equations in Primal and Dual Spaces
arXiv:physics/0503013 · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2005.09.002
Abstract
Based on a geometric discretization scheme for Maxwell equations, we unveil a mathematical\textit{\}transformation between the electric field intensity $E$ and the magnetic field intensity $H$, denoted as Galerkin duality. Using Galerkin duality and discrete Hodge operators, we construct two system matrices, $[ X_{E}] $ (primal formulation) and $[ X_{H} % ] $ (dual formulation) respectively, that discretize the second-order vector wave equations. We show that the primal formulation recovers the conventional (edge-element) finite element method (FEM) and suggests a geometric foundation for it. On the other hand, the dual formulation suggests a new (dual) type of FEM. Although both formulations give identical dynamical physical solutions, the dimensions of the null spaces are different.
22 pages and 4 figures