On asymptotics of large Haar distributed unitary matrices

Abstract

Let $U_n$ be an $n \times n$ Haar unitary matrix. In this paper, the asymptotic normality and independence of $\Tr U_n, \Tr U_n^2, ..., \Tr U_n^k$ are shown by using elementary methods. More generally, it is shown that the renormalized truncated Haar unitaries converge to a Gaussian random matrix in distribution.