Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry on a biphoton beat note
arXiv:1902.07013 · doi:10.1038/s41534-019-0161-z
The paper demonstrates that high‑precision optical delay measurements can be achieved using Hong‑Ou‑Mandel interference with just two well‑separated, color‑entangled photon frequencies, and validates the approach experimentally by detecting thermally‑induced delays in an optical fiber.
Abstract
Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, the fact that identical photons that arrive simultaneously on different input ports of a beam splitter bunch into a common output port, can be used to measure optical delays between different paths. It is generally assumed that great precision in the measurement requires that photons contain many frequencies, i.e., a large bandwidth. Here we challenge this well-known assumption and show that the use of two well-separated frequencies embedded in a quantum entangled state (discrete color entanglement) suffices to achieve great precision. We determine optimum working points using a Fisher Information analysis and demonstrate the experimental feasibility of this approach by detecting thermally-induced delays in an optical fiber. These results may significantly facilitate the use of quantum interference for quantum sensing, by avoiding some stringent conditions such as the requirement for large bandwidth signals.