Empowering line intensity mapping to study early galaxies

Abstract

Line intensity mapping is a superb tool to study the collective radiation from early galaxies. However, the method is hampered by the presence of strong foregrounds, mostly produced by low-redshift interloping lines. We present here a general method to overcome this problem which is robust against foreground residual noise and based on the cross-correlation function $ψ_{αL}(r)$ between diffuse line emission and Ly$α$ emitters (LAE). We compute the diffuse line (Ly$α$ is used as an example) emission from galaxies in a $(800{\rm Mpc})^3$ box at $z = 5.7$ and $6.6$. We divide the box in slices and populate them with $14000(5500)$ LAEs at $z = 5.7(6.6)$, considering duty cycles from $10^{-3}$ to $1$. Both the LAE number density and slice volume are consistent with the expected outcome of the Subaru HSC survey. We add gaussian random noise with variance $σ_{\rm N}$ up to 100 times the variance of the Ly$α$ emission, $σ_α$, to simulate foregrounds and compute $ψ_{αL}(r)$. We find that the signal-to-noise of the observed $ψ_{αL}(r)$ does not change significantly if $σ_{\rm N} \le 10 σ_α$ and show that in these conditions the mean line intensity, $I_{Lyα}$, can be precisely recovered independently of the LAE duty cycle. Even if $σ_{\rm N} = 100 σ_α$, $I_α$ can be constrained within a factor $2$. The method works equally well for any other line (e.g. HI 21 cm, [CII], HeII) used for the intensity mapping experiment.

5 pages, 4 figures