Non-coaxial vortices in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates: Persistent precession and nutation

Abstract

It is demonstrated that a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with all-repulsive inter-atomic interactions loaded into a radially symmetric harmonic trap supports robust non-coaxial vortices with approximately orthogonal vortex lines in each of the components. These cross vortices are excited from the linear modes by a sudden switch-on of the nonlinearity (via Feshbach resonance) and are characterized by persistent dynamical regimes of precession with nutation, resembling the motion of a rigid body. The obtained dynamics can be understood qualitatively on the basis of a simple mechanical model.