General relations for quantum gases in two and three dimensions. II. Bosons and mixtures

Abstract

We derive exact general relations between various observables for N bosons with zero-range interactions, in two or three dimensions, in an arbitrary external potential. Some of our results are analogous to relations derived previously for two-component fermions, and involve derivatives of the energy with respect to the two-body s-wave scattering length a. Moreover, in the three-dimensional case, where the Efimov effect takes place, the interactions are characterized not only by a, but also by a three-body parameter R\_t. We then find additional relations which involve the derivative of the energy with respect R\_t. In short, this derivative gives the probability to find three particles close to each other. Although it is evaluated for a totally loss-less model, it remarkably also gives the three-body loss rate always present in experiments (due to three-body recombination to deeply bound diatomic molecules), at least in the limit where the so-called inelasticity parameter eta is small enough. As an application, we obtain, within the zero-range model and to first order in eta, an analytic expression for the three-body loss rate constant for a non-degenerate Bose gas with infinite scattering length. We also discuss the generalization to arbitrary mixtures of bosons and/or fermions.

Published version, augmented by (i) a note in section III on the universal correction to the ground state energy of the 2D weakly interacting Bose gas due to a nonzero interaction range and (ii) a note in section IV.C on the decay rate due to three-body losses of an Efimov trimer close to the atom-dimer dissociation threshold