Multiplicity of solutions to GW-type approximations

Abstract

We show that the equations underlying the $GW$ approximation have a large number of solutions. This raises the question: which is the physical solution? We provide two theorems which explain why the methods currently in use do, in fact, find the correct solution. These theorems are general enough to cover a large class of similar algorithms. An efficient algorithm for including self-consistent vertex corrections well beyond $GW$ is also described and further used in numerical validation of the two theorems.