The van der Waals-Maxwell phase transition, hidden in Sommerfeld-Dirac hydrogen theory, proves that symmetry in the Coulomb bond is broken

Abstract

Left unnoticed for almost a century, 1916 Sommerfeld H theory hides a van der Waals-Maxwell phase transition in the Coulomb lepton-nucleon attraction of ground state H. This classical 19th century symmetry breaking effect, important for CPT, is confirmed by observed H nS(sub1/2 and nP(sub1/2) series. It proves that trying to produce antihydrogen H with e(sup+)+ p(sup-)\rightarrow Hbar does not make sense. Since hydrogen is the major constituent of the Universe, the energy equilibrium of Hbar antimatter and H matter states in natural hydrogen is in line with the Big Bang hypothesis.

11 pages, 6 figures, 42 references