Perron-Frobenius theorem on the superfluid transition of an ultracold Fermi gas

Abstract

The Perron-Frobenius theorem is applied to identify the superfluid transition of a two-component Fermi gas with a zero-range s-wave interaction. According to the quantum cluster expansion method of Lee and Yang, the grand partition function is expressed by the Lee-Yang contracted 0-graphs. A singularity of an infinite series of ladder-type Lee-Yang contracted 0-graphs is analyzed. We point out that the singularity is governed by the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue of a certain primitive matrix which is defined in terms of the two-body cluster functions and the Fermi distribution functions. As a consequence, it is found that there exists a unique fugacity at the phase transition point, which implies that there is no fragmentation of Bose-Einstein condensates of dimers and Cooper pairs at the ladder-approximation level of Lee-Yang contracted 0-graphs. An application to a Bose-Einstein condensate of strongly bounded dimers is also made.

20 pages, 5 figures