Triton-$^3$He relative and differential flows as probes of the nuclear symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities

Abstract

Using a transport model coupled with a phase-space coalescence after-burner we study the triton-$^3$He ratio, relative and differential transverse flows in semi-central $^{132}Sn+^{124}Sn$ reactions at a beam energy of 400 MeV/A. The neutron-proton ratio, relative and differential flows are also discussed as a reference. We find that similar to the neutron-proton pairs the triton-$^3$He pairs also carry interesting information about the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Moreover, the nuclear symmetry energy affects more strongly the t-$^3$He relative and differential flows than the $π^-/π^+$ ratio in the same reaction. The t-$^3$He relative flow can be used as a particularly powerful probe of the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy.

Discussions added. Version accepted by PRC